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A pattern is the template — one piece per garment component — that fabric gets cut around. Nothing about a design becomes an actual, repeatable garment until it exists as a pattern. Most factories work from a base pattern (sometimes called a sloper or block): a basic, well-fitted shape used as the starting point for every new style.
Software (like Gerber AccuMark or Optitex) is now the standard way patterns are drafted, edited, graded, and arranged into markers — far faster and more precise than fully manual methods.
The base pattern is scaled up and down to produce every size in the range, following a grading chart that specifies exactly how much each measurement point changes between sizes.
Graded patterns are checked for fit consistency across the whole range, so proportions stay correct at both the smallest and largest sizes, not just the sample size.
Once every size is graded, the pattern pieces for the full cutting plan are arranged onto a marker — a layout showing exactly how the pieces fit onto the fabric width. Marker efficiency (how little fabric is wasted as scrap) directly affects the fabric cost of the entire order, which is why experienced marker planners are valued: even a small efficiency gain adds up fast across thousands of units.